Effects of Gelam, Melaleuca cajuputi Methanolic Leaves Extract to the Behavior of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Nur Amanina Hamdan, Mohd Effendy Abd Wahid, Anur Melad Nagi, Mohamad Badrul Mohamad Khairul Sahimi, Mohd Ihwan Zakariah and Marina Hassan

Background and Objectives: Melaleuca cajuputi is a medicinal plant, containing diverse of phytochemical active substances of several biological properties. Behavioral changes observed in this study somewhat similar to toxic study effect by the phytochemical compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the behavior changes exposed to different concentrations of M. cajuputi leaves extract. Materials and Methods: Leaf extract of M. cajuputi were used for these studies. The concentrations range from 2.0-10.0 g L^–1 was used for finding range test. Based on the finding range test result, 5 different concentrations (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g L^–1) and one control were decided to find LC₅₀. The 96 h LC₅₀ of M. cajuputi extraction was 2.83 g L^–1. Then, the concentrations such as 0, 20 and 30% of LC₅₀ of extract M. cajuputi and a control were used for behavior study. The behavior changes were recorded in triplicate over a 24 h period and classified into changes, weak, moderate and strong. Results: Macrobrachium rosenbergii were exposed to M. cajuputi extracts and showed several signs of respiratory distress, agitated and abnormal nervous behaviour. Extracts of M. cajuputi could have some toxicity effects such as affect the physiological and nervous system. Macrobrachium rosenbergii in control group (0.0 g L^–1) were active and no behavioural changes throughout the treatment period. There was also no mortality recorded. Conclusion: The behavioral study of fish treated with different concentrations are important to know the severity of toxicity effect. The suitable concentration for this medicinal plant can be used for treat fish diseases. Thus, it can help aquaculture industry and give an eco-friendly effect on the ecosystem and agricultural products.

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