Insulinomimetic Activity Assessment of Antidiabetic Plants Used in Togolese Pharmacopoeia, in ovo and ex vivo Study

Lawson-Evi Povi, A.E. Motto, K. Atchou, K. Tona, K. Eklu-Gadegbeku and K. Aklikokou

Background and Objective: Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae), Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) are plants used in the treatment of diabetes many times. The present study was undertaken to observe the insulinomimetic activity of a different type of plants. Materials and Methods: The hypoglycemic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts from the stem bark of P. erinaceus and the roots of A. spinosus and A. leiocarpus was evaluated in ovo on 11 days-old chicken embryos and ex vivo on skeletal muscles isolated from rats. Results: All extracts reduced significantly the chicken embryos basal glycemia in the treated groups compared to the control group at the doses of 0.03 and 0.06 mg/100 μL. The extract of A. leiocarpus (0.5 and 1 mg mL^–1) increased (p<0.001 and p<0.0001) the absorption of glucose by the muscle in the presence and absence of insulin more than the extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus and Amaranthus spinosus. Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that, the three extracts decreased the basal glycemia in ovo. Whereas the extract of A. leiocarpus has an effect, similar to an insulinomimetic effect.

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