Crude Protein Yield, Total Digestible Nutrients and Tannin Content of Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) at Various Growth Stages in Blora, Central Java, Indonesia

Bayu Prasetyo, Bambang Suwignyo, Genki Ishigaki, Takahiro Gondo, Diafan Jati and Yogi Prasojo

Background and Objective: Indigenous legumes of Indonesia, such as jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), offer promising potential as alternative sources of energy and protein in ruminant nutrition. This study aimed to determine the crude protein yield, total digestible nutrient yield and total tannin of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) plant at different growth stages cultivated in alluvial soil at Blora, Central Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: This study used a Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with four replications in every stage. Sixteen jack bean seeds were sown in 1×1 m² plots. The following parameters observed were crude protein (CP) yield, Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN) yield and total tannins, which were measured at three distinct growth stages, the vegetative, flowering and pod setting stages before harvesting. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p<0.05). Results: The growth stage had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the CP yield of leaves and stems. On the other hand, highly significant differences (p<0.01) were observed in the CP yield of stems, TDN yield of leaves, stems and total (leaves+stems) and total tannins. The CP yield of leaves and total yield increased significantly with advancing growth stages. Additionally, the CP yield of stems and TDN yield of leaves, stems and total yield increased very significantly with advancing growth stages. However, total tannins showed a highly significant decrease as the growth stage progressed. Conclusion: Harvesting at the pod-setting stage is the optimal stage for achieving the highest CP and TDN yields. On the other hand, total tannin content across all growth stages of jack bean plants is within safe levels for ruminant consumption.

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