Antipathogenic Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Black Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.): Biological Activities of Black Sugarcane Cultivars

Surachai Rattanasuk, Prasong Srihanam and Kittisak Kerdchan

Background and Objective: Black sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is characterized by its distinctive dark-colored stems or joints containing of bioactive compounds. These compounds are associated with potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities, indicating possible health-promoting properties. This research aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents in the two cultivars of black sugarcane and to screen for their antioxidant, antibacterial and tyrosinase inhibition activities. Materials and Methods: Dried S. officinarum was extracted with methanol: HCl. The crude extract was used for phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, phenolic compound constituents, tyrosinase inhibition and antibacterial activity assay. This experimental design followed by descriptive analysis and were presented as Mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Results: The total phenolic compounds found in the extracts were arranged of 12.36-23.37 mg CE/g which is found in small joints higher than in big joint cultivars. The big joint found the highest activity for DPPH^∙ radical in root extract (0.52 mg/mL). The root extracts of the small joint showed the highest ABTS^∙+ radical scavenging activity at 0.33 mg/mL. Catechin was the main compound in the black sugarcane which was higher in the big joint than the small joint variety. The extracts from both black sugarcane varieties showed tyrosinase inhibition activity. The lowest MIC and MBC values at 0.39 and 0.05 mg/mL were obtained from the node and rind of the small joint against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: This result indicated that the black sugarcane was composed of phytochemicals that expressed high antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibition and antibacterial activities. It might further use black sugarcane extracts for health, beauty and pharmaceutical applications.

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