Inhibitory Effect of Enterolactone on Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase in HCT-116 Cancer Cells

Nesrin Tarbiah, Bashayer Almahdawi, Lina Baz and Nuha Alkhattabi

Background and Objective: Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 is an intracellular enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan into kynurenine. Cancer cells often express Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 and can be induced by inflammatory cytokines such as Interferon-Gamma. This study investigated the impact of enterolactone lignan on the indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 enzyme in colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, HCT-116 colon cancer cells were stimulated with Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ) to induce IDO1 expression, followed by treatment with various concentrations of Enterolactone for 48 hrs. The IDO1 expression was measured using ELISA, while apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. The study employed cell culture techniques, cytokine induction enzyme assays, with a focus on understanding the effects of Enterolactone on IDO1 expression. Results: Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 was expressed by HCT-116 cancer cells and its expression increased after exposure to interferon-gamma. Additionally, It was found that high concentrations of enterolactone inhibited the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in HCT-116 cancer cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that enterolactone is an inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 expression in colon cancer cells, without affecting cell viability or inducing apoptosis. Therefore, enterolactone should be further investigated due to its ability to modulate indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1.

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