Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Provide Insights into the Possible Action Mechanism of Ginkgo Flavonoids in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

Sichao Zhang, Qiuyue Wang and Shuya Gao

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to increase. Ginkgo biloba is used as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids are considered bioactive components and quality control indicators in G. biloba leaf extract. They are closely related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pharmacodynamics and display the ability to dilate blood vessels, regulate blood lipid levels, antagonize platelet-activating factors and protect against ischemic damage. This review will help better understand the cardioprotective effects of G. biloba flavonoids. Ginkgo biloba has a positive safety profile but has some limitations. High-quality clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of ginkgo extracts. Furthermore, most studies on G. biloba use have focused on its flavonoid aglycones, whereas the effects of other flavonoid glycosides remain largely unknown. Finally, the action mechanism of G. biloba flavonoids can be more scientifically revealed only by comprehensively considering the relationship among intestinal flora, host and G. biloba flavonoids.

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