Neuroprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ajwa Seeds via Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Type-2 Diabetic-Induced Rats

Vasudevan Mani, Minhajul Arfeen, Sultan Sajid and Yasser Almogbel

Background and Objective: Diabetes mellitus is considered a highly prevalent metabolic disorder that causes brain dysfunction, especially memory and cognitive decline. The present study aims to investigate the effects of Aqueous Ajwa date Seeds Extract (AASE) on type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced neuroinflammation in a rat model. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague Dawley rats with body weight in the range of 200-250 g and age of 3 months were randomly allocated/divided into 5 groups (n = 6). Type 2 diabetes was induced among 4 groups using nicotinamide (120 mg kg^–1, i.p.) followed by streptozotocin (60 mg kg^–1, i.p.), while one group was considered as non-diabetic group control. About 200 and 400 mg kg^–1 of AASE were orally administrated for 30 days after diabetes induction. At the end of the treatment, the brain was isolated and evaluated for neuroinflammatory parameters [cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin IL-6 and IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)]. Results: Administration of AASE significantly decreased COX-2 and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) levels and increased (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) at the above-mentioned doses. Conclusion: The overall results supported that the neuroprotective effects of AASE by inhibiting the neuronal inflammation in type 2 diabetes by altering both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. It is concluded that the extract of AASE has the potential to improve the cognitive deficit in type 2 diabetic patients.

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